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n. 素描，草图，概述，梗概
v. 速写，草拟
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Reading Laughing Matter
阅读 笑的问题
Comedies are theater plays that make people laugh.
喜剧是引人发笑的舞台。
The writers of comedies often use different techniques to make their audiences laugh.
喜剧作家常常使用多种手法使观众开怀大笑。
Cross-dressing men or women often appear on the stage.
穿着异性服装的男男女女常常出现在舞台上。
Dustin Hoffman is famous for his role acting as a woman.
达斯汀。霍夫曼就是以成功地扮演妇女而著名的。
Funny plays often have characters that are stereotypes of nationalities
滑稽剧中有些模式化的形象
or people doing certain jobs.
或从事某种工作的人物形象。
The actors make us laugh by making fun of somebody's way of dressing
演员逗我们笑，靠的是拿别人的着装开玩笑
or telling an amusing story.
或是讲个逗乐的故事。
Acting out stereotypes of people from different countries can be very funny.
表演老套人们从不同的国家是非常滑稽的
It often makes people roar with laughter about themselves.
被取笑的人自己也常常觉得自己可笑。
It sounds funny to hear foreigners speak with an accent.
它喜欢带着外国口音有趣的讲话。
Word play is a way to create fun in comedies.
喜剧中也会借助于活动来表演。
Shakespeare's plays made people in the sixteenth century laugh loudly.
莎士比亚的戏剧使得16世纪的人开怀大笑。
But to us his plays are not very funny
但对我们而言，并无趣味
because the meaning of words in English has changed.
因为英语中的词义已经发生了变化，
Today students of English,even if English is their mother tongue,
如今，学习英语的学生，即使英语是母语，
often cannot understand his jokes.
常常也难以理解莎士比亚的笑话。
Clowns also make people laugh.
丑角演员也会使人发笑。
They often act alone or as a pair and make a different kind of fun.
他们常常独自表演，也可结伴表演，制造也一种别具一格的乐趣。
Clowns often don't use any words at all.
丑角演员通常一句话也不说。
It is their clothes,make-up and the way they walk that makes people laugh
逗人们笑的是他们的衣着，装扮和步态。
Some people think clowns are only funny for children.
有人以为丑角只对儿童而言滑稽。
Actually they can help people forget their problems, at least for a short moment.
实际上，他们可以帮助人们忘掉烦恼哪怕一时。
Another type of people whose job is to make people laugh are comedians.
另有一种类型的人，其工作也是使人发笑，他们便是喜剧演员。
They often work alone or as a pair.
他们常常是一个独自表演或联袂演出。
Unlike clowns,comedians' clothes are usually not very strange.
与丑角不同，喜剧演员的衣服通常并不奇怪。
Although body language and their face are important in their shows,
尽管表演中他们体态语和面部表情是很重要
they do not use the make-up that clowns use.
但他们不使用丑角演员所用的装扮。
Comedians may act out a situation during their shows.
喜剧演员在演出中会营造出一种气氛。
We call that a sketch,but usually,their shows don't look like comedies.
我们称之为"绝活"。但是，通常情况下，他们的演出看上去并不像喜剧。
What comedians have in common with the players in a comedy
喜剧演员和喜剧中的演员的共同点
is their way of playing with words.
是使用话语表演。
Comedians make people laugh,but also think about life.
喜剧演员使人发笑，同时也使人思索生活
At one moment in a show,you can hear the audience laughing loudly.
在演出中，你一会儿会听到观众的哄堂大笑。
A few minutes later everybody is quiet,
一会儿大家都鸦雀无言
listening and thinking about the comedian's words.
聆听并思考着喜剧演员的台词
Typical for China is the crosstalk show,
在中国，典型的喜剧形式是相声表演。
where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.
两个喜剧演员通过语言游戏使观众愉悦。
A crosstalk show has two speakers making many jokes and funny conversations.
相声表演有两个喜剧演员参与，他们开很多玩笑，有许多有趣的对话
They may also dress up a little
他们还会改变一下装扮
or act out small sketches in front of the laughing audience.
或来上一段绝活。在捧腹大笑的观众面前
Comedians of all times and many countries
很多国家各个时期的滑稽演员
have a long tradition of this type of comedy.
都采用了这种具有悠久传统的喜剧形式
Dating back to the Qin Dynasty (221-207BC),
追溯到秦朝(公元221-207年)
the traditional crosstalk shows,or xiangsheng shows,
传统的相声表演
have made people all over China roar with laughter for centuries.
已使全中国人笑了千年
Skilled artists make use of all the richness of the spoken language
技艺娴熟的艺术家们充分挖掘口头语言的丰富内涵
to create a rapid flow of fun.
创造出一种快捷的脱口而出的娱乐形式。
Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters,
他们的语言形式包括节奏，韵律以及绕口令
which often make the audience applaud.
这些使他们经常赢得观众的掌声。
To appreciate the jokes of crosstalk artists,
为了充分理解和欣赏相声艺术家的玩笑，
listeners have to know very well what the comedians are talking about.
听众必须熟知喜剧中的谈话内容。
If you are not fluent in Chinese,you will not catch all of it.
如果你不精汉语，你将不可能领会他所表达的。
Perhaps that is the reason
或许这就是原因
why few foreigners know about this Chinese art form.
只有为数极少的外国人了解这种历史悠久的中国艺术。
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