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5、Punt Civilization
庞特文明
A popular trading partner with ancient Egypt, the land of Punt (pronounced “poont”) was famous for producing incense, ebony, and gold. Scholars differ on where they believe the civilization was, with a range from South Africa all the way up the coast to the Middle East. Even though the Egyptians wrote extensively on the land and its people, they never bothered to actually say where it was.
A lot of our knowledge of Punt comes from the reign of Hatshepsut, the famed female pharaoh who ruled Egypt during the 15th century B.C. Reliefs in her mortuary temple contain information on a rather large trade expedition to Punt, as well as more specific details, like pictures of beehive-shaped houses on stilts. A scene showing Hatshepsut receiving wondrous gifts from the exotic land is also carved into the temple walls. Unfortunately, no actual archaeological evidence showing the location of Punt has ever been found, although there have been numerous Egyptian artifacts inscribed with the civilization’s name, giving scholars hope that Punt might one day be unearthed.
作为古埃及的贸易伙伴，庞特以生产焚香、乌木和金子为主。学者对于文明的起源地有很大的争议，争议范围包括非洲南部到中东地区。即使埃及人详细地记叙了庞特文明和它的人民，也没有确定地描述庞特到底在哪里。很多关于庞特的记叙来自于公元前15世纪埃及著名的女法老哈特谢普苏特统治时期。在她神庙的浮雕上展示了与庞特大量繁华的贸易往来，还有一些特别的信息，比如蜂窝状的房子。神庙里，有一个浮雕展示了哈特谢普苏特从异邦获赠了大量的礼物。不幸的是，没有任何确切的考古证据表明庞特的位置，即便有大量的埃及艺术作品记录下了文明的名字，也给与学者一个希望，那就是庞特文明终有一天会被发现。
