评论
打印
Today was a day for sorting out the summit in Iceland.
今天，我们可以梳理一下冰岛会晤的情况。
How did it happen that the two most powerful men of earth stepped to the threshold of a dramatic arms control accord and then stepped back?
两个超级大国的领袖为何刚刚开始着手达成重大军备控制协议，就又犹豫不前了呢？
The talks foundered on the President's Strategic Defense Initiative, or SDI.
会谈因总统的《战略防御计划》而夭折。
While both sides seek reduction in the number of nuclear missiles and war heads threatening the world,
虽然为了避免威胁全球，双方都希望减少核导弹和弹头的数量，
the Soviet Union insisted that we sign an agreement that would deny to me and to future presidents for ten years the right to develop,
但苏联坚持认为，这份协议会让自己和未来的领导人在10年的时间里都失去研制、
test, and deploy a defense against nuclear missiles for the people of the free world.
测试并部署针对核导弹防御的权利，美其名曰“为了世界人民的自由。
This we could not and will not do.
这一点，我们做不到，也不会做。
The President insisted, until the end, on retaining for the United States the right to test,
总统从始至终坚持认为，应该保留美国测试、实验与《战略防御计划》有关内容的权利，
to have experiments and to test things relating to SDI not only in the laboratories but also out of laboratories, including in space.
而且这项权利应适用于实验室内外，包括宇宙空间里。
So who was going to accept that? It would have taken a madman to accept that.'
所以，谁会接受呢？接受了就是懦夫。
The translated remarks yesterday by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and remarks by President Reagan.
以下是苏联领导人戈尔巴乔夫与里根总统昨天对话情况的翻译版：
We'll hear defenders and critics of SDI later in tonight's program,
在今晚的项目中，我们会听到与《战略防御计划》有关的正面和负面评论，
but first NPR's Jim Angle, just back from Iceland, joins us to discuss what the two leaders almost achieved.
但首先，刚从冰岛回来的国家公共电台的吉姆会跟我们一起讨论两国领导人基本上达成的成果。
It is really amazing when you look at what the two Superpowers were able to do
让人惊讶的是，在短短24小时的时间里，美苏两个超级大国竟然能达成如此巨大的成果，
really in a period of twenty-four hours beginning with the experts meetings on Saturday night.
这24小时还包含了从周六晚上开始的专家会谈。
In that twenty-four-hour-period, the two sides agreed to the most sweeping arms control proposals
在这24小时的时间里，双方一致同意美苏历史性
in the history of negotiations between the US and the Soviet Union.
会谈期间极具影响力的军备控制提案。
They agreed to fifty percent cuts in all offensive weapons, all offensive strategic weapons over five years,
双方也一致同意要在未来5年中对所有进攻性武器进行50%的削减。
then went beyond that later on, in a proposal from President Reagan,
随后，双方在里根总统的一份提案进一步认同：
to eliminate all offensive ballistic missiles at the end of a ten-year period.
用10年的时间销毁所有进攻性武器。
They also agreed on INF, or intermediate-range nuclear weapons, which are now both in Europe and in Asia.
双方一致同意中程核力量(INF)，目前中程核力量已在欧洲和亚洲生效。
In the Soviet case, they agreed to eliminate all intermediate-range nuclear weapons in Europe
苏联方面同意销毁其在欧洲的所有中程核力量，
and to reduce those in Asia by eighty-five percent to one hundred warheads, leaving the US with one hundred warheads as well.
并将其在亚洲的中程核力量减少85%，保留100个弹头；美国方面则是保留100个弹头。
These were the kind of cuts in nuclear weapons that no one anticipated when they came to Iceland.
这种程度的削减是冰岛会议之前各方都未曾料到的。
At first the US did not expect the negotiations to be that detailed,
起初，美国未曾料到谈判会谈到如此细节的内容，
nor did anyone anticipate that two sides would actually start moving that quickly
各方也未曾料到双方的进展会如此之快，
on something that they had been talking about for so long and been unable to do.
竟然聊到了这么长时间以来一直做不到的事情。
Tell us more about what the mood was like in Hofdi House during the negotiations.
蒂姆是否可以多介绍下霍夫迪楼谈判桌上的氛围？
The arms control experts met all night. They began at 8 p.m., quit at 6:30 the next morning.
整夜，军备控制方面的专家都在会谈。会谈开始于晚8点，次日早上6:30才结束。
The two leaders were briefed by their respective groups somewhere around 9 o'clock that morning and began meeting again at 10.
当天早上9点，两国领导人听各自代表团的人介绍了情况，然后又于10点再次会谈。
Then they started moving very quickly on the negotiations.
随后，会谈进展很快。
The Soviets came back, for instance, and quickly resolved the medium-range missiles issue after some argument for quite a while.
比如，苏联方面很快就解决了中程导弹的问题，虽然之前进行了一小会儿的讨论。
At this point, the negotiators, the advisors on the US side, some of them said that what was happening was really breathtaking
对此，美方的一些谈判家和顾问都表示进展惊人。
because they were beginning to sense that these things were falling together,
因为他们开始感觉到局面开始明朗，
that there was this enormous movement between the two sides, movement in both their positions,
也感觉到双方已经有了重大进展，双方的立场都有改变，
that no one had anticipated when they arrived in Iceland.
这是并冰岛会议前未曾有人料到的。
At that point, even President Reagan apparently asked some of his advisors whether or not they were moving too fast,
至此，就连里根总统也直接问顾问：
whether or not they were going too far.
是否进展的太快太深。
And they would re-examine positions to make sure that things weren't moving so quickly
双方也开始重新审视自己的立场，以确保是否进展的太快，
that they didn't realize the implications of what they were doing.
是否会导致意想不到的后果。
In fact, one advisor said on one particular issue President Reagan said, No. That is too far. We will not go with that opposition.'
实际上，有一位顾问表示，在谈到某个问题的时候，里根总统说，“不行，进展地太快了，过犹不及啊。”
At the very end, the advisors did not know what was happening;
这时候其实已经是结束了，但顾问们还不知道是怎么回事；
in fact at one point, when the first meeting broke up on Sunday, it was supposed to be the last meeting,
实际上，第一次会晤于周日结束的时候，本应该是最后一次会晤的，
they were out in the motorcade in the cars until they found out President Reagan had told the media that they were meeting again.
大家走进车队上车后才发现里根总统已经告诉媒体会进行再次会晤了。
They got out of cars, went back into Hofdi House.
他们走到车外，又回到了霍夫迪楼。
At the very end, they did not know what was happening in the talks.
这时候，大家还不知道会谈中发生了什么。
They got word that the two leaders were finished, that they were going out of the building.
有人听闻消息称：两国领导人已经结束会谈并走出会场了。
They went down the stairs, looked over the stairwell, had no idea at this point what the result of the discussions had been.
他们走下楼，望向楼梯井，完全不知道会谈的结果是什么。
And then officials in the back asked one official in the front who could see the two leaders, What did their faces look like?
然后，后面的工作人员问前面的一位工作人员谁看到两位领导人了，“他们长什么样啊？”
That official said, They're not smiling. And at that point,
被问到的工作人员说，“他们都不带笑的。”
they knew that nothing had been agreed to and they had come so close to such a major agreement and they had failed.'
这时候，他们才知道根本什么都没达成，本来就要达成重大协议了，但是功亏一篑了。
'Well, everything fell apart at the last meeting because of the Strategic Defensive Initiative. What were the points of disagreement?'
可以这么说，最后都是因为《战略防御计划》才导致上次会议功亏一篑的。为什么不同意呢？
'Well, there were basically two. The Soviets wanted to restrict SDI work to the laboratory
有两个原因，其一：苏联希望能限制将《战略防御计划》限制到只在实验室里进行，
which the US says is a more restrictive interpretation of the ABM Treaty,
但美国认为这样的想法比《反弹道导弹条约》要求的还要严格，
the Anti-Ballistic Missiles Treaty, than anyone has ever proposed.
谁也没提出过比这还严苛的方案。
Also that at the end of ten years, the Soviets wanted to begin discussions about deployment;
其二：十年期结束之时，苏联想就部署问题进行会谈；
the Americans wanted, insisted that they had the right to deploy at the end of ten years.
而美国则坚持认为自己有权利在十年期结束时进行部署。
Throughout three drafts of language on this, the Soviets continued to insist on limiting SDI to the laboratory;
整个过程中，苏联都坚持要将《战略防御计划》限制到只在实验室里进行；
the Americans hoped that they would eventually drop it, as they do sometimes in negotiations.
而美国则希望苏联能松口，毕竟谈判过程中苏联时有松口。
But they did not. The interesting thing here is that the Soviets had sweetened the deal to such an extent,
但苏联最后还是不同意。有趣的是：苏联已经一让再让，
had laid out this amazing agreement between the two,
提出了这份令人震惊的双边协议，
that the two powers had come so close to this major agreement, that this was, they hoped,
两国领导人马上就要达成重大协议了，苏联方面也希望
the bait that would get President Reagan to adopt what people in the United States have called the grand compromise,
能将这份协议能引诱里根总统采取美国人口中的“巨大妥协”，
which was to trade SDI for deproductions in offensive missies.
用不在生产进攻性导弹来换取《战略防御计划》的让步。
At the end, the President rejected that. And American official think that they have not lost that deal.
最后，里根总统拒绝了。美国官员认为并没有失去这份协议。
And the question now is what will happen next.
现在的问题是未来会怎样。
What will US and the US and the Soviet Union agree to or fail to agree to in the Geneva arms talks?
在日内瓦的军备会谈中，美苏两国会在哪些方面达成共识，哪些方面会有分歧。
OK. Thank you. NPR's Jim Angle.
好的，谢谢国家公共电台记者吉姆为我们发回的报道。
