1. On the evening of March 9th, 1567, while Mary was attending a must ball, Bothwell supervised the lighting of a fuse that at two o'clock in the morning would detonate an immense quantity of gunpowder beneath the house where Darnley was asleep.

结构剖析：这是含有时间状语从句的复合句。

主句是：On the evening of March 9th, 1567, Bothwell supervised the lighting of a fuse that at two o'clock in the morning would detonate an immense quantity of gunpowder beneath the house where Darnley was asleep。时间状语从句是：while Mary was attending a must ball。

在主句中，On the evening of March 9th, 156是介词短语作时间状语。

在这个主句中含有一个定语从句：that at two o'clock in the morning would detonate an immense quantity of gunpowder beneath the house where Darnley was asleep。它修饰先行词fuse。Fuse在定语从句中做主语，指代物，那么that和which都可以使用。因为是做主语，所以关系代词这里没有省略。

在上面的定语从句中的beneath the house beneath the house where Darnley was asleep是介词短语作定语修饰gun powder。在这个介词短语中含有一个定语从句：where Darnley was asleep。它修饰先行词house。House是指代地点，在定语从句中做地点状语，因此用where这个关系副词来引导。

2. Running through the garden in his night-shirt, Darnley ran straight into the plotters who promptly throttled him to death.

结构剖析：这是一个含有现在分词短语的复合句。

主句是Darnley ran straight into the plotters who promptly throttled him to death，现在分词短语是Running through the garden in his night-shirt。

现在分词短语在这里做时间状语，我们可以将之改为时间状语从句：after he run through the garden in his night-shirt。现在分词中的in his night-shirt是介词短语作伴随状况状语。

在主句中含有一个定语从句：who promptly throttled him。它修饰先行词plotters。先行词在定语从句中做主语，指代人，我们可以用that或者who，文中用的是who。由于是做主语，关系代词不能省略。