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As a religion that rose out of the slave trade's force mingling of cultures, Voodoo had long been an integral part of Haitian society.
伏都教作为一种产生于奴隶贸易力量的文化融合的宗教，长期以来一直是海地社会不可分割的一部分。
While the city dwellers including Duvalier tended to be Catholics.
而包括杜瓦利埃在内的城市居民往往是天主教徒。
The out in the Haitian countryside, Voodoo was everywhere.
在海地的乡下，伏都教无处不在。
Whole swathes of the nation seeped in practices aliens of the American occupiers.
整个国家都浸透了美国占领者的异己行为。
Perhaps that's one of the reasons why Duvalier's circle was so keen on it, as the clearest signal that Haiti lived a distinct spiritual life.
也许这就是为什么杜瓦利埃的圈子如此热衷于这个教派的原因之一，因为它是海地有着独特的精神生活的最明显的信号 。
But Duvalier also had other reasons for being interested in Voodoo, ones that were far less spiritual and far more practical.
但杜瓦利埃对伏都教感兴趣还有其他原因，这些原因与精神无关，与实际作用有关。
Jump forward to the early 1940s, in the United States Program to try and eradicate yaws in Haiti, a disfiguring skin disease that mainly affects children.
跳到20世纪40年代初，在美国的海地根除雅司病计划中，这是一种主要影响儿童的毁容性皮肤病。
Yaws is one of those nasty things like polio that the world would be better without.
雅司病是像小儿麻痹症一样令人讨厌的东西，没有它世界会更好。
And while the US eradication effort would fail, Washington would damn well try recruiting Haitian doctors to go to remote villages and administer shots.
虽然美国的根除努力失败了，但华盛顿很可能会招募海地医生去偏远的村庄进行注射。
Among their number, was Francois Duvalier?
其中有弗朗索瓦·杜瓦利埃吗?
It was from these years of traveling Haiti's fields and scaling its mountains armed with medicine that Papa Doc got his nickname.
这些年来，医生爸爸带着药物在海地的田野里旅行，攀登高山，因此得到了他的绰号。
He was bringing relief to long neglected areas.
他为长期被忽视的地区带来了宽慰 。
But it was also these years that showed him how immersed in Voodoo the black majority were, how important it was to their lives.
但也正是这些年让他明白了大多数黑人是多么沉迷于伏都教，伏都教对他们的生活是多么重要。
And just as other aspiring dictators might align themselves with powerful Christian or Muslim figures, Duvalier began to cultivate ties with regional Oungans, Voodoo's male priests.
就像其他有抱负的独裁者可能会与强大的基督教人物或穆斯林人物结盟一样，杜瓦利埃开始与伏都教的男性牧师、当地的昂甘人建立联系。
It seemed benign at this point just a gentle doctor making friends with religious leaders as he tended their villages.
在这一点上，似乎是良性的，只是一个温和的医生与宗教领袖交朋友，因为他照顾了他们的村庄。
But really Duvalier was laying the groundwork for his next great step into politics.
但实际上，杜瓦利埃是在为他进入政坛的下一步奠定基础。
As the 1940s past, Papa Doc worked to raise his profile, becoming the head of the Haiti yaws campaign and director general of Haiti's health service.
在过去的20世纪40年代，爸爸医生努力提高自己的形象，成为海地雅司病运动的负责人和海地卫生服务的总干事。
In 1948, he finally got the promotion. He'd been dreaming of becoming Secretary of Labor under President Dumarsais Estime.
1948年，他终于得到了晋升。 他一直梦想成为总统迪马瑟·埃斯蒂梅手下的劳工部长。
But if Duvalier had assumed his next step would be into the presidential palace.
但如果杜瓦利埃认为他的下一步是进入总统府。
Well, fate was about to send him tumbling back to the bottom of the entire staircase.
命运要把他送回整个楼梯底部了。
In 1950, President Estime announced that he'd grown rather fond of being in charge and wouldn't be stepping down at the end of his term, to which, the military replied uh-uh not happening.
1950年，总统埃斯蒂梅宣布，他越来越喜欢掌权，在任期结束时不会下台，对此，军方回应说，不会发生。
They overthrow him and installed colonel Paul E. Magloire.
他们推翻了他，任命了保罗·马格卢瓦尔上校。
Although black himself, Magloire was a puppet of the light-skinned elites.
尽管马格卢瓦本人是黑人，但他是浅肤色精英阶层的傀儡。
Under his watch, Haiti threw its arms open to international tourists, even as it all but barred Creole from public life.
在他的领导下，海地向国际游客敞开怀抱，甚至完全禁止克里奥尔人参与公共生活。
But for Duvalier, that meant expulsion from Haiti's corridors of power returning to private practice almost as if his jump into politics had never happened.
但对杜瓦利埃来说，这意味着被驱逐出海地的权力中心，回到私人执业，就好像他从政从未发生过一样。
But now, he had had the faintest taste of power.
但现在，他尝到了一丝权力的滋味。
There was no way Duvalier could go back to being a mere doctor again, instead, he became involved in the anti Magloire resistance.
杜瓦利埃再也不可能仅仅当医生了，相反，他参加了反对马格卢瓦尔的抵抗运动。
Years later, this era would become a key part of Duvalier's myth, a source of romantic legends and funny stories like how he evaded Magloire's goons by disguising himself as a woman.
几年后，这个时代成为杜瓦利埃神话的重要组成部分，是浪漫传说和有趣故事的来源，比如他如何把自己伪装成女人来躲避马格卢瓦尔暴徒。
On a practical level though, this period also saw two very important moments.
但在实践层面上，这一时期也见证了两个非常重要的时刻。
The first was the birth of Papa Doc's son Jean-Claude Duvalier better known as Baby Doc.
第一个是医生爸爸的儿子让-克洛德·杜瓦利埃的出生，他也被称为“医生宝宝”。
The second was the relationship that he established with another resistance leader Clement Barbot.
第二个是他与另一位抵抗运动领导人克莱门特·巴伯特建立的关系。
A one-time school teacher turned full-time sociopath, Barbot would later become key to enforcing Duvalier 's blood-soaked rule.
巴伯特曾是一名教师，后来成为全职反社会者，巴伯特后来成为执行杜瓦利埃血腥统治的关键人物。
But first they needed to get rid of Magloire.
但他们首先要除掉马格卢瓦尔。
Fortunately, mother nature was about to lend a helping hurricane.
幸运的是，大自然母亲即将带来一场飓风。
In the fall of 1954, Hurricane Hazel came crashing into Haiti trailing devastation.
1954年秋，飓风黑兹尔席卷海地，导致当地满目疮痍。
Rather than help the afflicted communities, Magloire allowed his cronies to siphon off the relief funds, standard practice for a corrupt regime.
马格卢瓦尔没有帮助受苦受难的社区人民，而是允许他的亲信挪用救济资金，这是腐败政权的标准做法。
But the response was anything but standard, outraged the population turned on the president.
但是人们的反应却很不正常，愤怒的人们攻击了总统。
Although he managed to cling to power until 1956, a wave of strikes and protests eventually forced him to flee the country.
尽管他一直掌权到1956年，但罢工和抗议浪潮最终迫使他逃离了这个国家。
What followed was a dizzying series of six caretaker administrations. Each one more chaotic and shorter lived than the last.
接下来是令人眼花缭乱的六届政府看门人。 一个比一个混乱，一个比一个短暂。
Eventually, though it became clear that no caretaker was going to navigate Haitians out of this growing crisis.
最后，很明显，没有看门人会带领海地人走出这场日益严重的危机。
That an election was needed to install a legitimate leader, one who could restore order to an ever more lawless country.
需要通过选举来任命一个合法的领导人，一个可以为这个越来越无法无天的国家恢复秩序的人。
And restore order, the 1957 election absolutely would but only at the cost of something far dearer than stability, freedom.
1957年的选举绝对会恢复秩序，但代价是比稳定更宝贵的东西，自由。
